Elias Petropoulos (Greek: Ηλίας Πετρόπουλος, romanized: Ilías Petrópoulos; June 26, 1928 – September 3, 2003) was a Greek author, folklorist, and urban historian. A self-described "urban anthropologist", he wrote on aspects of Greek life that were rarely considered fit objects for serious study, including the subcultures, slangs, and music of homosexuals, drug users, and criminals. Petropoulos was an early proponent of anti-poetry. Under the Greek military junta of 1967–74, some of his books were regarded as immoral, resulting in fines and jail terms and ultimately in his decision to leave Greece and live permanently in France.