Chieko Matsui (December 4, 1899 – April 2, 1929) was a Japanese actress of the silent era. The eldest daughter of a doctor, she left home in 1922 after her mother passed away and her father remarried. She became an actor at Shochiku Studios, performing in fifty-five movies between 1925 and 1929. In 1927, she became one of the first female screenwriters in Japan, writing screenplays for the films "Lake of Melancholy" and "Spring Rain." She starred in both as well.

Matsui underwent surgery for kidney disease in 1928. She passed away in 1929, while recuperating in her home.